Shelter of the Turkic peoples in the works of Russian researchers (late 19th century)

Abstract

From the very beginning of human life, housing for personal or family use has played an important role in human life. The dwellings or shelters that became an integral part of the material culture ranged from caves in early communal society to simple above-ground huts and gradually passed through different stages of formation and development in each region. The course of adapting to the natural environment, humanity built houses taking into account the terrain. One of the little-studied issues is the history of the settlement of Turkic peoples. Among them is a yurt of the Kazakh people, built on the basis of a nomadic lifestyle. According to the comfort of the environment, the fields and settlements of Kazakh nomadic livestock breeding were divided into four seasons: wintering, spring, grazing and protection. As a rule, breeding and guarding were carried out in the same place, and for the winter the shepherds settled in houses made of cast logs or covered with thatch or stones. And in forest areas, if they winter in wooden houses, at other times of the year they used a comfortable yurt house, covered with felt, made of light wood, quickly assembled and quickly assembled when moving from one place to another [1]. Yurts became widespread from the 3rd century BC, and felting became a specific labor profession. The yurt was a composite dwelling suitable for nomads who moved from settlement to settlement in the spring, summer and autumn. At the same time, in regions with cold climates, there are also types of shelters made of stone, coated with clay, and carved from wood. We can say that these shelters are ordinary shelters of Turkic peoples leading a nomadic lifestyle.