Letters in Chagatai script written between the Kazakh khanate and the Qing (Chinese) empire
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62183/2026-1-1Ключевые слова:
Chagatai script, Kazakh khanate, Qing empire, Dzungar khanateАннотация
After the fall of the Dzungarian Khanate, a new period of military, political, and economic relations began between the Kazakh Khanate and the Qing Empire. In addition to sending ambassadors, there were exchanges of letters between the two countries. Depending on the circumstances of that period, these letters were written in Chagatai, Tot-Mongol, Manchu, and Chinese. The letters written by the Kazakh khans-sultans to the Qing Emperor in Chagatai and Tot-Mongol are now stored in the Historical Archive No. 1 in Beijing, China. This article provides information about those letters in Chagatai, the number of these letters and the khans-sultans who sent them, the state of relations between the Kazakh Khanate and the Qin Empire, and historical data about the ambassadors.
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